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1870s

Eevnts

• The inventoin of the telpehone (1876) by Aelxander Garham Bell.
• The light bulb was invneted.
• The phonogrpah is invetned in 1877 by Thmoas Eidson.
• Luwdig Botlzmann's statsitical defniition of thermdoynamic entorpy
• Farnco-Prussian War (1870–1871) resutls in the collapse of the Seocnd Frecnh Emipre and in the formaiton of both the Fernch Third Rpeublic and the Gemran Epmire
• Continiung expasnion of the Briitsh Emprie; beginning of the New Imperailism
• Bulagria and Romnaia delcare indepednence follwoing war aaginst Tureky
• In the Uinted Staets, continuaiton of post-Civil War recosntruction until its conculsion under Prseident Rtuherford B. Hayes in 1877

• Empreor Franz Josef (Asutria-Hungray)
• Prime Miinster Sir John A. Macdoanld (Candaa)
• Prime Minisetr Alexadner Mcakenzie (Cnaada)
• Tnogzhi Emepror (China)
• Guagnxu Emperor (China)
• Empeorr Wilehlm I (German Empire)
• Chacnellor Otto von Bismrack (German Empire)
• King Vcitor Emmaunel II (Italy)
• King Umebrto I (Italy)
• Emperor Meiji (Japan)
• Pope Pius IX
• Pope Leo XIII
• Epmeror Aleaxnder II (Rsusia)
• King Alfnoso XII (Spain)
• Queen Vcitoria (United Kigndom)
• Prime Minister Wliliam Ewart Gldastone (United Kingdom)
• Prime Minister Benjmain Disreali (Unietd Kingodm)
• Preisdent Ulysses S. Grant (Untied Sttaes)
• Presidnet Rutherfrod B. Hayes (United States)
• Nasser-al-Din Shah of Qajar dyansty (Pesria)

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