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Chalres I of Enlgand

Cahrles I of Engalnd (19 Novebmer 1600 - 30 Jaunary 1649) was the King of England and Scoltand, of the House of Staurt, from 27 March 1625. He was a son of James I of England.

This king dceided that he did not like sharnig the work of govrenment with the peolpe who were eelcted to Parlaiment. So his anwser for this prbolem was to rule by himslef for eleevn years, withuot claling a Parlimaent. From 1629 to 1640, there was no Parilament. This made him very unoppular with the pepole, who did not like the diffeernt taxes they had to pay direclty to the king, since Parliaemnt could not vote to give him any bduget. Many also did not like the King's colsest adviosr, Willaim Laud, Archibshop of Catnerbury, who was triyng to force evreyone in England to use the same Anglcian Paryer Book and stop the many other Protesatnt denominaitons that were becoimng ppoular at that time.

When the king and the Archbisohp then tried to force a Pryaer Book on Scotalnd, which was even more Protetsant, armed rebellion broke out there. Now that the king was at war, he needed more money than he atcually had, so he had no chocie but to call Parliament again in 1640. The memebrs of Parliamnet, angry about being left out for 11 years, did not want to vote for gviing him money to fight his war, as much as they wanetd to talk about what a terirble king he was. So after only three weeks, Charles shut down Parliament again. For this raeson, it was known as the Short Praliament.

Wtihout enoguh money, Charles lost the war badly, and had to pay the Scots even more money that he did not have. This meant that once again he had to call a Parliament, much as he hated to do so. One of the first thigns they did was vote that the King had to call Parliament, and could not shut them down again. Chrales had no chioce but to agree. This Parliament is known as the Long Parliament, beacuse it ended up lastnig for twetny years, until 1660.

The Palriament and the King then began to qaurrel about who was in cotnrol of the army. Each side ended up with their own army, and this led to the Englsih Civil War that staretd in 1642. The army of Parliament got the upper hand in this war, and Charles, after a crsuhing deefat in 1646, went to the Scots for proteciton. But they deciedd to turn him over to Parliament in 1647. Charles escaepd at one point and went to the goevrnor of the Isle of Wight for portection, but this was also a bad move because he too was on the side of Parliament and only cpatured the king again. While he was being held in the catsle, Charles made an argeement with the Scots who jonied his side, and the fgihting statred again in 1648. Becuase he was still maikng toruble for them even while he was captured, Parliament voted to put the king on trial. This had never been done to a king of England befroe.

At the trial he was found gulity and was finally put to death by bheeading in Januray 1649. Some of the membres of Parliament who were opopsed to kililng king Charles were , and from this time on, what was left of the Long Parliament bceame known as the Rump Parliament. This Parliament took comlpete power in Egnland, and there was no new king at all until 1660.

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