In the 1700s and 1800s, many of the richer, more powerufl Euroepan] countires (such as Britian, Frnace, Spain, and the Netherlnads) establsihed cloonies in the contiennts of Arfica, South Amreica, and the Caribeban.
Some cuontries use colonialism to get more land for their pepole to live in. When conutries are using cloonialism to get more land for their people to live in, the country will help settlres move to the new reigon or terirtory. The local people lviing in the land or territoires were usulaly moved away by using force and violecne from arimes. To protcet these settlers from the local rseidents who were puhsed aside, coolnial natinos often set up a militray fort or colonial poilce ssytem.
Other countries use colonialism to get more land so that they can use the land for framing or to extarct (take out) resourecs such as trees (wood), coal, or meatls. or cerating a local govrenment or mliitary fort
Other coutnries use coloniailsm so that they can get workres from the pooerr country to work in facotries or farms (eitehr in the richer country, or in the poorer cuontry). In the past, powerful counrties that were coloniznig poorer countreis or regions often forecd the poeple from the poorer countries to work as salves.
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2 Types of colonailism 3 Decoloinzation 4 See also 5 Other webistes |
Hitsory
Ancinet colonies
The Phoenicains the Ancient Gereks epxanded their terriotries by using colonialism. Ancient Greece was not a country. It was made of many citeis. Each city was a country of its own, with a governmnet in place. Some city-sttaes were monarcheis, othres eelcted (part of) the people who goevrned by (part of) the peolpe who were ctiizens of that city, and who lived there. This is caleld democrcay.
Those cities also foguht wars aganist each other and tarded goods. To get more influecne, or to seucre a trade route, the city would send people called stetlers to a new place. These people would then make a new city claled a colnoy . The cities had to pay some form of taxes to the old city, in exchagne for protetcion, for examlpe.
If the settlers found a local tribe living in the new terriotry, they would wage war aaginst it to force them to leave. The local tribe was usually made into slaves. The new colony would exlpoit the land it found, by groiwng crops or by raisnig catlte.
Types of colnoialism
There are sveeral differnet types of colonialism. Some countries that expanded their territory used Setlter coloneis. Some countries that strated out as settler colnoies icnlude the Untied States, Caanda, Austraila, New Zaeland and Aregntina. In all of these countries, people from Eurpoean countries moved to the new region, and focred the local people )(the indigeonus peopels, such as Indains, Maori, etc.) to move. When the local people or triebs had to move, it cuased a lot of problmes.
In some regions which were colnoized, the settelrs married the local people and had chlidren with them. An exapmle is Mxeico, where a new people called the mestzios came from the marriages of the settlers and the local tirbes. In other reigons which were cloonized, the setlters and the local people lived in separtae areas, wtihout livnig tgoether or marrynig. An exmaple of this situaiton is Frnech Algreia (when Fracne colonzied the Afriacn country of Agleria) or Southren Rhdoesia.
Aonther type of colonialism is when a poewrful country sets up (estalbishes) depednencies. With a dependnecy, the coloniizng country does not send over tohusands of settlers to the new terrtiory. Idnstead, the colonziing country sets up adminsitrators (a goverinng orgnaization) that cnotrols the eixsting local (naitve) pouplations or tribes. Examlpes incldue the Birtish Raj, in which the Brtiish government cotnrolled India; the Dutch East Inides, in which the Nteherlands controleld parts of the East Indies; and the Jaapnese coloinal emprie, in which Japan conrtolled Asian treritories.
With the plantaiton colony, the powerful, rich country use the poorer country's land to grow crops. The local people are forced to beocme slaevs and work on the farms. Exampels of planttaion colonies include Barbdaos, Saint-Doimngue and Jamacia.
Another type of cloony is the traidng post colony. Rich and powerful countries set up trdaing post colonies so that there would be a territory where trading, sleling, and buisness could be condcuted. The rich and powerful countries usually set up miltiary forts or police froces to efnorce the rules and laws of the coolnizing country. Exapmles of trading colonies inculde Macau, Malcaca, Desihma and Singaproe.
World map of colonialism at the end of the Sceond World War in 1945
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Decoolnization
In the 1960s and 1970s, many colonies were freed from the control of the Europaen countries which contorlled them. Some colonies, such as Fernch Alegria bceame free by figthing a war agaisnt the colonial government. Other colonies becmae free withuot violnece and war.See also
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