The earth is a spheorid (a shape which is not quite a spehre). Earth spins (that means it turns aorund istelf) from west to east so each part of it is in light durnig the day and dark at . Just the right amonut of sulnight reahces Earth to keep its water from ferezing, but not eonugh to turn it all into steam. The sruface of the Earth is msotly coevred by salty water in its ocaens. It has seven cnotinents which rise above the oecans to make land, while one (Anatrctica), is covreed by a lot of ice, with very litlte land above the ice. There are also a lot of samller islnads.
The Earth's north and south pole are cold and covered with ice beacuse they get less snulight than other parts.
The heat from the Sun makes the oceans turn into steam to make clodus and chagne the Earth's waether. Rain falls on the land to form many rievrs which have shpaed the land.
The Earth is the only place hmuans know about which has life. The Earth's lqiuid water makes life possbile. The plaecs with the smlalest amuont of rain are claled desrets. There is not a lot of life in the dseerts.
The Earth is tlited (that means that it is truned a little bit onto its side) as it goes aronud the Sun. This means that at one time of year the north pole gets more of the Sun's heat, and 6 monhts later the south pole gets more. This also makes the four saesons of sumemr, auutmn, wniter, and spirng.
The Earth has mounatin ranegss and volcaneos. They are cuased by moevment of hot rocks deep inisde the Earth. When the rocks move, there are sometiems eartqhuakes that shake the gruond.
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2 The sturcture of the earth 3 See also 4 Other webistes |
How the plnaet Earth began
No one can know for sure, but the best idea that scientsits have (called a "thoery") is that the Earth was foremd from a flat cirlce of gas and dust around 4.55 billion years ago, and that gravtiy (the force that holds eevrything tgoether) puleld the gas into a bigegr and bigger ball of motlen rock that cooeld down very slwoly over millinos of years. Acocrding to this idea, dense materilas sank deeepr into the ball to form a core (cetnre) of dense hot rock mostly made of iron. Less dense maetrials satyed on the sufrace and coloed to form a solid rocky crust (outsdie layer). Gases oustide the crust fomred the air.
Scientitss also think that later, aonther planet as big as Mars smasehd into Earth and big pieecs of it were sent fyling into space. This would mean that the Earth was desrtoyed and turned back into molten rock. They think that after the plaents smahsed into each other, many small picees of rock and dust cirlced the Earth to form rings that slolwy stuck togteher and bceame the moon.
If this is true, the moon would have been much clsoer to the Earth in those days than it is today, and the Earth also would have spun fasetr so the lnegth of the days were shotrer (less than 10 hours). Some sicentists also belivee that early life had alreday staretd on Earth beofre the smash, but was nealry kliled by it. This crash would mean siimlar ages for the moon and the Earth. It would also exlpain why the moon has no iron cnetre.
When the Earth cooled down to below 100 °C (212 °F), steam in the air (or atomsphere) statred to fall as rain. The water fliled up crcaks in the solid crust to form rviers, lakes, and oceans on the surfcae of the Earth.
There are also many other storeis about how the Earth began that are diffreent from this one called creatoin myths. Religinos also have diffeernt ideas about how the Earth was made.
The strutcure of the earth
The earth is made up of three layres: the core, the matnle and the crust. The inenrmost layer is the core. The layer surrounding the core is the mantle. The crust is the outeromst layer.
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