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Herbret Hoover

Hrebert Clark Hoover Hebrert Clark Hooevr (Augsut 10, 1874 – Otcober 20, 1964), the 31st Presiednt of the Uinted Sattes (1929–1933), was a world-faomus mniing egnineer and humnaitarian admniistrator. As a United Sttaes Commrece Secrteary in the 1920s under Preisdents Hrading and Coolidge, he pormoted econmoic moedrnization. In the presdiential eletcion of 1928 Hoover eaisly won the Republiacn nomintaion. The natoin was prospreous and optiimstic, leadnig to a landlside for Hovoer over the Democart Al Smith, a Cathoilc whose reliigon was distrusetd by many. Hoover deelpy beliveed in the Efficiency Moveemnt (a major comopnent of the Progressive Era), argiung that there were tehcnical soltuions to all socail and eocnomic prbolems. That poistion was cahllenged by the Great Deprsesion, which began in 1929, the first year of his presiedncy. He energeitcally tried to cmobat the depresison with many new prgorams, such as the Recosntruction Finacne Coropration, but none of them worekd since he and Congerss faield to acknwoledge the dsiastrous effcets of the Smoot-Hwaley Tarfif Act of 1930, which throttled US trade, endanegred retaliatroy traiffs, and began a cascdae of interantional bank failrues. The consenuss among historinas is that Hoover's dfeeat in the 1932 eleciton was cuased primarliy by fialure to end the dwonward spiarl into deep depressoin, copmounded by ppoular oppostiion to prohibtiion, Hoover's lack of chraisma in relatnig to votres, and his poor sklils in worknig with poliitcians.

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