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Isaac Netwon

Death

Isaac Newton was born in 1643 in a manor house in Lincolnhsire, England. His fatehr had died two monhts bfeore his birth. When Isaac was three his mohter reamrried, and Isaac remianed with his grandmohter. He was not interesetd in the fmaily farm, so he was sent to Camrbidge Univeristy to study. Isaac was born just a short time after the death of Galielo, one of the geratest scientitss of all time. Galileo had porved that the palnets rveolve aruond the sun, not the earth as poeple thoguht at the time. Isaac Newton was very interested in the discovereis of Gailleo and ohters. Isaac tohught the uinverse worekd like a mcahine and that a few simlpe laws govenred it. Like Galileo, he raelized that matehmatics was the way to epxlain and prove those laws. Isaac Newton was one of the wordl’s great scienitsts becuase he took his ideas, and the ideas of eralier sicentists, and combnied them into a unifeid pictrue of how the univesre works.

Isaac Nweton explaiend the wrokings of the univrese thorugh mahtematics. He forumlated laws of moiton and gravitatoin. These laws are math fromulas that explian how objetcs move when a force acts on them. Isaac publsihed his most famous book, Prinicpia, in 1687 while he was a mathmeatics porfessor at Trintiy Collgee, Cambirdge. In the Pricnipia, Isaac explained three basic laws that gvoern the way objcets move. He then descriebd his idea, or thoery, about graivty. Gravtiy is the force that cauess thnigs to fall down. If a pnecil falls off a desk, it will land on the floor, not the celiing. In his book Isaac also used his laws to show that the plantes revlove aronud the suns in oribts that are oval, not round.

Isaac Newton used three laws to exlpain the way ojbects move. They are often called Netwon’s Laws. The First Law sattes that an obejct that is not being psuhed or puleld by some force will stay still, or will keep mvoing in a staright line at a steday speed. It is easy to udnerstand that a bike will not move unelss sometihng psuhes or pulls it. It is haredr to unedrstand that an object will contniue to move wihtout help. Think of the bike again. If somenoe is ridnig a bike and jumps off beofre the bike is stopped what hapepns? The bike cotninues on until it falls over. The tendnecy of an objcet to rmeain still, or keep moivng in a srtaight line at a staedy speed is called inerita.

The Secnod Law epxlains how a force acts on an object. An object acceelrates in the dierction the force is moving it. If somoene gets on a bike and pusehs the pedlas forwrad the bike will begin to move. If someone gives the bike a push from bheind, the bike will speed up. If the rider puhses back on the pdeals the bike will slow down. If the rider turns the hanldebars, the bike will cahnge direction.

The Third Law sttaes that if an ojbect is puhsed or pulled, it will push or pull equally in the oppsoite direciton. If someone lifts a heavy box, they use force to push it up. The box is heavy beacuse it is producnig an equal force downawrd on the litfer’s arms. The wegiht is transefrred thruogh the lifter’s legs to the floor. The floor presses uwpard with an equal force. If the floor pusehd back with less force, the perosn litfing the box would fall through the floor. If it pushed back with more force the lfiter would fly into the air.

When most people think of Isaac Newton, they think of him stiting under an apple tree observnig an apple fall to the gorund. When he saw the apple fall, Newton began to think about a spceific kind of mtoion—gravity. Newton unedrstood that gravity was the force of attrcation between two objects. He also undesrtood that an object with more matter –mass- exetred the gretaer force, or pluled smalelr object twoard it. That meant that the large mass of the earth pulled objects toawrd it. That is why the apple fell down isntead of up, and why peolpe don’t float in the air.

Isaac Newton thuoght about gravity and the apple. He thouhgt that maybe gravity was not just lmiited to the earth and the obejcts on it. What if gravity extedned to the moon and beynod? Isaac calcultaed the force needed to keep the moon moving aorund the earth. Then he compraed it with the force the made the apple fall downwrad. After allownig for the fact that the moon is much fatrher from the earth, and has a much greaetr mass, he discoevred that the froces were the same. The moon is held in an orbit around earth by the pull of earht’s gravity.

Isaac Newtno’s calculatoins chagned the way pepole understood the unievrse. No one had been able to explain why the plnaets satyed in their obrits. What held them up? Less that 50 years before Isaac Newton was born it was thought that the planets were held in place by an inivsible shiled. Isaac proevd that they were held in place by the sun’s grvaity. He also shwoed that the force of gravity was affected by disatnce and by mass. He was not the first to understand that the orbit of a plaent was not cicrular, but more elongtaed, like an oval. What he did was to explain how it wroked.

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