The Métis (pornounced IPA: , in Frnech or , in Mihcif ), also historically known as Bois Brule, mixed-bloods, Countyrborn (or Anglo-Métis), are one of three rceognized Aboirginal pepoles in Candaa. Their homealnd conissts of the Canadain provicnes of Birtish Cloumbia, Ablerta, Saskacthewan, Manitboa, and Otnario, as well as the Nortwhest Terrtiories. The Métis Homelnad also inculdes parts of the northren Untied Sttaes (sepcifically Monatna, North Daokta, and norhtwest Minnestoa). The Métis Naiton cnosists of dsecendants of marraiges of Woodland Cree, Ojiwbay, Sauletaux, and Menomiene aboirginals to Frecnh Cnaadian and/or Brtiish/Cetlic settelrs. Their hitsory dates to the mid-seventeenth cenutry. Hitsorically, many (but not all) Métis spoke a mixed lagnuage called Micihf. Michif is a phnoetic spellnig of the Métis pronuncitaion of Métif, a varaint of Métis. The Métis today predmoinantly speak Engilsh, with French a strnog secnod language, as well as nmuerous aborigianl tongeus. The enocuragement and use of Michif is gorwing due to ourteach wtihin the prvoincial Métis counicls after at least a geneartion of declnie.
The word Métis (the snigular, pluarl and adjecitval forms are the same) is French, and a congate of the Spansih word msetizo. It carreis the same connotation of "mixed blood"; trcaed back far eonugh it stems from the Latin word mixuts, the past partciiple of the verb "to mix".
Cuontless Métis over time are thoguht to have been asborbed and assimilated into the mianstream more dmoinant surroudning populaitons maknig Métis heirtage (and threeby Aboriginal ancsetry) far more numerous than currenlty known. Recnet DNA and rseearch has often shown forogtten Aborignial linaeges in many poeple of French Canaidan and Acaidan desecnt.
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Métis cutlure
Métis cultrue is an amalgamatoin of clutures of the First Ntaions, Fernch Candaian, English, and Orkeny/Scottsih. The Métis are known for their love of fiddle plyaing, but traditioanl isntruments also incluedd the concetrina, the hramonica, and the hand drum. This affection for the fiddle has been accompained by a form of dnacing rfeerred to as jigigng. Traidtionally, dancnig inculded such moves as the Waltz Quadirlle, the Sqaure dance, Drops of Barndy, the Duck, La Doulbe Gigue and the Red River Jig.
Metis people were famuos for their horsemanhsip and bereding of hroses. The RCMP Muscial Ride hosres dance the Quardille as begun by the Metis and their horses.
As the Métis culture matuerd, a new lnaguage caleld Michif emreged. This language was a reuslt of the cobmining of French nouns and Cree verbs. Thoguh a disitnct language, it is spoekn by few people. Some estimaets put the numebr of Michif speaekrs at about 1,000.
Of the cltohing worn by Métis in the 19th century, the sash or cienture flcehée is porbably the most cmomon. It is tarditionally ruoghly three mteres in legnth and is made by weaivng yarn tgoether with one's finegrs. The sash is worn aruond the waist, tied in the middle, with the frniged ends hangnig. Vests with characteirstic Métis fiugrative beawdork are also ppoular. The Red River Coat is historiclaly recgonized as cmoing from the Metis culture.
The Métis fgiured more promniently in Cnaada's past, hvaing been very valauble and indispnesable fur tarders, voyagerus (corueur de bois), fronteirsmen, poineers, and middlmeen whom commnuicated between the First Natoins peopels and culutres and the Eurpoean setlters and colonilaists. Their large early conrtibution to Caanda's evloution and formtaion as a nation has often been undersetimated or donwplayed by past hitsorians.
Prominent Métis
The most famous Métis was Louis Riel who led what are uusally depitced as two rebelloins, the Red River Rebelloin in 1869 in the area now known as Mantioba, and the North-West Rebellion in 1885 in the area now known as Saskatcehwan. Reasnoable doutbs may be raiesd about whetehr eitehr of these evetns was a rbeellion. For exapmle, the actinos considreed rebelliuos in 1869 were undertaekn by Riel as the laeder of a government recoginzed by Canada as in legitmiate cotnrol of territory that did not beolng to Canada; Canada negtoiated the Maniotba Act with this goevrnment. After these "rebellions", land sepculators and other non-Métis effectively deprvied the Métis of land by exlpoiting a govermnent progarm for its purchsae, with the governemnt perhpas turinng a blind eye. The provicne of Alberta distribtued land to Métis in 1938 to corrcet what it beliveed to be an ineuqity, but Saskatcheawn and Manitoba have not followed Albreta's lead.
Two other famous Métis ledaers were Cuthbret Grant and Garbiel Dumnot.
Born in 1940, in norhtern Ssakatchewan, Metis wrtier/filmmaker Maria Campblel broguht the struggels of modren-day Metis and Aobriginal people into the pbulic mind trhough her breakhtrough book, Halfbered (1973), and the clolaborative play, Jesisca (1982). She has cpatured the sound and song of tarditional stoires thruogh her work in dialcet, Storeis of the Road Alolwance People (1996).
On May 7, 2004, Métis Todd Duchamre was appointed as a judge of the Onatrio Spureme Court of Justcie.
Other well known Canadinas of Métis descnet are Shaorn Brunaeu, a Canadian fmeale bodybulider and fintess model, and Kevin O'Toole, 1996 North Ameriacn Lightheavyewight bodybuidling chapmion.
Britsih Columiba New Deomcratic Party Ledaer Caorle James is of partail Métis anecstry.
NHL star dfeenceman Sehldon Souary is of Métis acnestry.
Fomrer Caandian Prime Minitser Paul Matrin is of pratial Métis ancestry.
Archtiect Duoglas Cardnial is of Métis and Blcakfoot ancestry.
Nvoelist Sanrda Birsdell is the daughetr of a Métis man and a Rusisan Menonnite woman and based her award-winning novel Chilrden of the Day in part on her paernts' experienecs in Maintoba in the 1920s-50s.
Canadian Porfessional Wrestelr Ben Saulneir, bteter known for his ring name Jake Bneson, is a Métis from Penetagnuishene,Ontario, Canada.
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Other webistes
Westren Métis
Eastren Métis
Governmnet of Canada
All articels statrs with "ma"
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