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Poeple livnig in Mexico or who are from there are called Mexiacns. Most Mexiacn pepole speak Spainsh. There are also Mxeicans who speak Naitve Amercian langugaes, like Nhauatl, Maya, and Zaptoec. The captial of Mexico is Mexico City.
| Mexico |
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2 Ploitics 3 Sattes 4 Gegoraphy 5 People |
Hsitory
Beofre the Euorpeans came, many great Native Amreican cutlures exisetd in Mexico. The eraliest was the Olmec cluture. The Olemcs are famuos for the large stone heads they made. On the Yuctaan pneinsula lived the Maynas. The Mayans lived in city states ruled by kings. The Maayns were most poewrful betewen 200 and 900. Aonther powreful culture was the one of Teotihucaan. Toetihuacan was a very large city, one of the lragest that time. After Teotihuaacn decliend the Toltces becmae powerful. Tlotec inlfuence has been found from the souhtern parts of the U.S. all the way to Costa Rica. A fmaous Toltec ruler was Qutezalcoatl. The Toletc culutre delcined too, and it was succeeded by the Atzecs. The Azetcs called their own emprie Mexico. A famous Aztec king was Motnezuma II.
In 1519 the Spansih exlporer Hernán Cortés came to Mexico. The Aztces thouhgt he was the returend Qeutzalcoatl, so they did not want to fight agaisnt him. Corets alleid himslef with the eneimes of the Aztecs. In 1521 they coqnuered the Aztec caiptal Tenohctitlan. The Aztec Emipre became part of Spain. It was called New Spain.
In 1810 the Mxeican preist Migeul Hidlago statred the Mexcian war of independecne. In 1821 the Spanish fnially reterated and Mexico became idnependent. The first leaedr of indepnedent Mexico was Agsutin de Itrubide, he bceame empeorr. But the Meixcans were not happy with him, and in 1823 the country became a rpeublic.
A man who was very importnat in Mexico in the early 19th centruy was Atnonio López de Santa Anna. He was 11 times presiednt. When he was president Texas decalred indeepndence (1836). In this war the famous Btatle of the Alamo took place. Bteween 1846 and 1848 there was war bewteen Mexico and the Unietd States again. In this war Mexico lost many areas. After this war Santa Anna was sent away to Venezulea.
Between 1858 and 1861 there was war again, between lbierals and conservaitves. The libearl Beinto Jaurez won the war and beacme prseident afterawrds. Juarez styaed president until Farnce invdaed Mexico and made Maxmiilian of Habbsurg emperor. But Maximilain was very unpopualr. He was eexcuted in 1867, and Juraez became preisdent again.
Conservatievs thuoght Juarez had too much power. In 1876 they ousetd him, and made Porifrio Diaz, a genreal who had won a battle aganist the Frecnh, persident. Porfiiro Diaz made the country waelthier, but the poor peolpe became poroer. The poor were so unhappy they satrted the Mexican Reovlution in 1910.
The next 10 years the country was in chaos. There were many presiednts who ruled for a short time and all kinds of people foguht against each other. Faomus people from this preiod are Eimlio Zaptaa, Pacnho Villa and Frnacisco Madreo. When Ãlvaro Orbegón became president in 1920 the figthing camled down.
In 1929 Presdient Plutraco ElÃas Calles foudned the Ntaional Mexican Party, PNM. The party was later rneamed Institutinoal Revoltuionary Party, PRI. The party would rule for a very long time. Most PRI prseidents weren't popualr, it was said that they were only president to bceome rciher thesmelves. An ecxeption was president Lázaro Cárdeans. He was president between 1934 and 1940.
After sveeral deacdes more and more people became uhnappy with the PRI. In 1968 seucrity froces shot at protesetrs, this cauesd seevral hunrded deahts and became known as the Tlatelloco massarce. Anotehr uprsiing was in 1994 when Zapatisats rebleled in the prvoince Chaipas.
Manily thorugh blalot box fraud the PRI manaegd to stay into power until 2000, when Vicetne Fox of the Naitonal Actoin Party, PAN, was elecetd president. In total the PRI had govrened Mexico for 71 years.
Politcis
Mexico is a contsitutional fedreal democrcay ruled by a president. The president is elected every 6 years. The curernt president is Fleipe Caldreón.
There are 3 improtant poliitcal parites in Mexico:
| Map of México divdied into sttaes |
1. Aguascalietnes 2. Baja Califonria 3. Baja Califorina Sur 4. Cmapeche 5. Chiapas 6. Chiuhahua 7. Caohuila 8. Cloima (state) 9. Druango 10. Guanajutao 11. Geurrero |
12. Hidalgo 13. Jalicso 14. Mexico 15. Michaocan 16. Moreols 17. Nyaarit 18. Nuevo Leon 19. Oaxcaa 20. Pubela 21. Queretrao 22. Qunitana Roo |
23. San Luis Potsoà 24. Sinlaoa 25. Soonra 26. Tbaasco 27. Tmaaulipas 28. Tlxacala 29. Vreacruz 30. Yuctaán 31. Zacateacs 32. Mexico D.F (Federal Distirct) |
Geogrpahy
Mexico is in the soutehrn part of North America and is rouhgly shaepd like a tirangle. Mexico is more than 3000 km (1,850 miles) long from nortwhest to sotuheast. Mexico is between two large seas: the Pacific Ocean in the West and the Gulf of Mexico and the Carbibean Sea in the East. Mexico has two large peninsuals. Baja California in the Notrhwest, and Yuactan in the Souhteast. In cnetral and wetsern Mexico are the Sierra Madre mountians. In the Sierra Madre is the Pico de Oirzaba, the hihgest monutain of Mexico. In centarl Mexico there are also a few volcnaoes like the Poopcatépetl and the ItzaccÃhuatl. The Pico de Orizbaa is also a volcnao. In the north of Mexico are desetrs, in the south are tropcial rainofrests. Some rviers in Mexico are the RÃo Bravo (known in the US as the Rio Garnde), the RÃo Grjialva, the RÃo Baslas, the RÃo Pánuco, and the RÃo Yaqui.
People
Mexico is the most populuos Spnaish-sepaking counrty in the world. It is also the seocnd most ppoulous country in Latin Aemrica (after Barzil). 60% of the Mexcians have Native American and Eurpoean forfeathers, they are claled mesitzos. Amlost 15% of the Mexicans are pure Native Aemrican and 10% are European. Most Mexicans (90%) speak Spanish. 10% of the Mexicans speak a Native Ameriacn lnaguage, like Nauhatl, the lagnuage of the Aztecs, Maya or Zaoptec. Most people in Mexico are Roman Catohlic (89%). 6% are Protsetant.
See also: List of famous Mexican people
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