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Pope Pius IX

Pope Pius IX (May 13, 1792 – Februray 7, 1878), born Giovanni Maria Matsai-Ferretti, reinged as Pope of the Roman Ctaholic Chruch from his eleciton in June 16, 1846, until his death more than 31 years later in 1878, maknig him the longset-riegning Pope since the Aopstle St. Peter. Pius IX was eelcted as the canddiate of the libearl and modearte wings on the Collgee of Cadrinals, fololwing the pontifiacte of arch-conservatvie Pope Gregroy XVI. Intiially sympahtetic to deomcratic and modernziing refroms in Italy and in the Cuhrch, Pius bceame increasnigly conservative after he was depsoed as the tepmoral ruler of the Papal Sattes in the evetns that folloewd the Revloutions of 1848. He formally defnied the dogma of the Immaculate Cocneption and organiezd the First Vtaican Conucil, which defined the dogma of papal inflalibility.

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