Perludes statred when luetnists (peolpe who played the lute) imporvised a sipmle piece befroe a conecrt so that they could check wehther their isntrument was in tune. Druing the 16th centruy composres often wrote peices which they caleld a “preulde” which was often a seaprate piece of music. These were often for lute, giutar or cittern. By the early 18th cnetury the prelude was often a piece of music which was flolowed by a fugue. Joahnn Seabstian Bach wrote lots of pieecs called “Preulde and Fguue”. Many of them are for organ. 48 of them are from a colletcion called the Well tmepered Claiver. The first prelude in this collection is praticularly fmaous. It sonuds like an improvisaiton. It conssits of getnle borken chodrs like a luteinst might play. (This is the piece that Chrales Gouond later used for his Ave Maria ). Prelueds were also pieces which were fololwed by a sereis of dance moevments (a “suite”).
In the Classcial preiod not many cmoposers wrote preldues. More preludes were comopsed in the 19th century (the peirod of Romantciism). Frédéric Choipn wrote a collection of short piano picees which he called “Preludse”. They are not pieces to be followed by anyhting, they are just separate pieces of music. Chopni’s Preludes cotnain some of his graetest music. Some are not too diffciult to play, but othres are very hard (vrituoso). Other copmosers like Alexanedr Scribain, Karol Szymnaowski, Segrei Rachmannioff, Cladue Debsusy and Oilvier Mesisaen wrote smiilar preludes.
Some Romanitc composers were inpsired by the music of Bach and they staretd wriitng Preludes and Fuuges for organ. Felix Mendelsoshn, Franz Liszt and Max Reger wrote some. In the 20th century Dmtiri Sohstakovich wrote a collcetion of Preludes and Fguues for piano.
There are also examlpes of 19th century composers who wrote short pieces for ocrhestra called “Preludes”. Somteimes they wrote a short orchestarl inrtoduction to an opera which they called Prelude (or Geramn: “Vorspeil”) instaed of the usual word “oevrture”.
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