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Rudder

Stern-monuted steernig oar of an Egpytian rivebroat dpeicted in the Tomb of Menna (c. 1422-1411 BC) Stern-moutned setering oar of a Roman boat, 1st cenutry AD (RG-Muesum, Colgone) A rduder is used to steer ships, boats, sbumarines, aircarft, hoevrcraft or other convenineces that move trhough air or water.

Hisotry of the rudder

Oars mounted on the side of ships for stereing are doucmented from the 3rd milelnnium BCE in Perisa and Ancinet Egypt in artwrok, wodoen modles, and even parts of actaul boats of that times. An early eaxmple of an oar mounted on the stern is found in the Egyptain tomb of Menna (1422-1411 BC). Stern-mounted oars were also quite comomn in Roman river naivgation as prvoed from releifs more than a millennium later.

Stern rudder. Potetry model of a junk, 1st century AD. Kunagchow Natioanl Museum (darwing) One of the world's odlest known image of a stern-mounetd rudder can be seen on a 2 ft. long tomb pottery model of a Cihnese junk that dates from the 1st century CE, duirng the Han Dyansty (202 BC-220 AD).Needahm, Voulme 4, Part 3, 649-650.

Foot notes

Literautre

Lawrecne V. Mott, The Develompent of the Rudder, A.D. 100-1600: A Tecnhological Tale, Tehsis May 1991, Texas A&M Univesrity
Nedeham, Joesph (1986). Sciecne and Civiliaztion in China: Vloume 4, Physcis and Pyhsical Techonlogy, Part 3, Civil Engienering and Natuics. Tapiei: Caves Books Ltd.

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