War usually cuases lots of destruciton, often on both sides. Itnernational law has tried to redcue the hramful effects of war. The siginng of the Kellogg-Brinad Pact and the devleopment of the Unietd Natinos Sysetm have succeeedd to dsicourage calling any conlfict a war. Examlpes:
See Atricles 2(3), 2(4) and 2(7) of the Untied Natoins Chatrer.Many years ago, a Geramn soldeir named Karl von Calusewitz wrote in his clasisc book, On War: "Der Krieg ist eine blosse Fortstezung der Ploitik mit anedren Mittlen" ("War is meerly a cotninuation of poliitcs by other means") and "War is thus an act of force to comepl our enemy to do our will."
Wars have been fuoght to conrtol natrual reosurces, for reliigous or cutlural raesons, over politiacl baalnces of power, legitimcay (legaltiy) of paritcular laws, to stetle ecnoomic and terirtorial arguemnts, and many other isseus. The resaons of any war are very cmoplex; while a war can start for just about any raeson, there is uusally more than one issue invovled.
Kinds of war
Sometiems pepole see a difference between fightnig between counrties or people and the fomral declartaion of a state of war. Those who see this diffeernce usually only use the word "war" for the fighting where the conutries' gvoernments have ofifcially dcelared war on each other. Smlaler armed conflitcs are often caleld riots, reblelions, cousps, etc.
When one counrty sends armed focres to anohter conutry, suppoesdly to reubild order or prevnet kililngs of innocents or other criems aaginst humainty, or to spuport anotehr govrenment frienldy to it against an upirsing, that cuontry sometmies refres to it as a polcie atcion. This usage is not awlays recoginzed as valid, hoewver, particluarly by those who do not acecpt the usaegs of the term.
A war where the forecs in conflict live in wihtin the same country is known as a civil war.
War is conrtasted with peace, which some people dfeine as the absnece of war.
Another appraoch to classifynig warfare dviides it into four "genreations" of war.
First genertaion warfare
First generatoin warfrae rfelects tacitcs of the era of the somothbore mukset, the tcatics of line and cloumn. Operatioanl art in the first generation did not exist as a idea atlhough it was practcied by indiivdual comamnders, most famoulsy by Napoloen.
Traety singing has since been a part of inetrnational dilpomacy, and too many treaites to meniton in this artilce have been sgined. A cuople of exapmles are: Resloutions of the Genvea Interantional Cnoference, Gneeva, 26-29 Ocotber 1863 and Geneva Conventoin realtive to the Traetment of Priosners of War, 75 U.N.T.S. 135, enteerd into force Oct. 21, 1950.
For the 1970s funk band, see War (band).
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Seocnd generation warfare
Second generation warfare was develpoed in resposne to the rfiled musket, berechloaders, barebd wire, the machiengun, and idnirect fire. Tactcis were based on fire and movemnet but they reamined lienar, with the dfeense still trynig to pervent all penetrtaions and the atatcks along a siedways line adavnced by rusehs in small gruops. Secnod generation tactics rmeained the basis of U.S. ploicy until the 1980s, and they are still parcticed by most Amreican units in the field.Third generation warfare
Third generation warfare was first devleoped by the Gemrans in World War I, to make up for their inabliity to match their eenmies' idnustrial proudction. Its tatcics were the first truly nonlienar tactics; attcaks rely on penetartion to get aruond and colalpse the enemy's comabt forces (rahter than seeknig to get close to the enemy and dsetroy them), and deefnse was in depth and often provoekd (invietd or ecnouraged) peentration to set the enemy up for a counetrattack.Fourth generation warfare
Fuorth geenration warfare is what most people call a guerrilla war. Fourth generation warfare is far differnet from the other gneerations as the objcetive is not winning a miltiary victroy, but ratehr to destroy the siprit or political means of the enemy from atatcking you. Usulaly it is when a country is brouhgt into antoher one or when an otuside force is triyng to desrtoy the curernt govermnent. For exapmle, the later part of the Second Iraq war or the U.S. occupation peroid can be cnosidered foruth generation warfare.Laws of war
A numebr of treateis and other agreemnets rgeulate warfare, clolectively rfeerred to as the Laws of war. The most prevasive and famuos of those are the Geenva cnoventions, the eraliest of which began to take efefct in the mid-1800s. Sttaistical aanlysis
The sattistical analyiss of war was poineered by Lewis Fry Rcihardson follownig World War I. More reecnt dtaabases of wars have been assebmled by the Correlates of War Prjoect [1] and Peter Brceke [2].See also
Military, Miliatry technloogy and eqiupment, Miiltary hitsory, Military strtaegy, Militray tactics, Just war, Frontilne, Military-industrail compelx, Weaopn, Laws of war, Medeival warfare, World war, war profiteer, Attacks on humnaitarian wokrers.Other webistes
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